Dipartimento di Ingegneria informatica, automatica e gestionale

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized machine learning and related fields, showcasing remarkable abilities in comprehending, generating, and manipulating human language. However, their conventional usage through API-based text prompt submissions imposes certain limitations in terms of context constraints and external source availability. LLMs suffer from the problem of hallucinating text, and in the last year, several approaches have been devised to overcome this issue: adding an external Knowledge Base or an external memory consisting of embeddings stored and retrieved by vector databases. In all the current approaches, though, the main issues are: (i) they need to access an embedding model and then adapt it to the task they have to solve; (ii) in case they have to optimize the embedding model, they need to have access to the parameters of the LLM, which in many cases are "black boxes". To address these challenges, we propose a novel framework called Reinforced Retrieval Augmented Machine Learning (RRAML). RRAML integrates the reasoning capabilities of LLMs with supporting information retrieved by a purpose-built retriever from a vast user-provided database. By leveraging recent advancements in reinforcement learning, our method effectively addresses several critical challenges. Firstly, it circumvents the need for accessing LLM gradients. Secondly, our method alleviates the burden of retraining LLMs for specific tasks, as it is often impractical or impossible due to restricted access to the model and the computational intensity involved. Additionally, we seamlessly link the retriever’s task with the reasoner, mitigating hallucinations and reducing irrelevant and potentially damaging retrieved documents. We believe that the research agenda outlined in this paper has the potential to profoundly impact the field of AI, democratizing access to and utilization of LLMs for a wide range of entities.